Codeine: Prescription Drug Abuse & Testing

Author: Tarun Gupta

Introduction:

Codeine or methylmorphine is an opiate used for its analgesic, antitussive and antidiarrheal properties. It is marketed as the salts codeine sulfate and codeine phosphate. Codeine hydrochloride is more commonly marketed in continental Europe and other regions.

Codeine is an alkaloid found in opium in concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 3.0 percent. While codeine can be extracted from opium, most codeine is synthesized from morphine through the process of O-methylation. The chemical name of codeine phosphate is 7,8-Didehydro-4,5alpha-epoxy-3-methoxy-17-methyl morphinan-6alpha-ol phosphate (1:1) (salt) hemi-hydrate.

Urine Testing for Cocaine

Author: Drug Alcohol Test
A Cocaine drug test is the method or the technique used to know the presence of cocaine in the body. The testing is done by examining various specimen of the human body like the urine, hair, saliva and even sweat.

Types of cocaine Drug Testing: The different types of testing and quantifying of the cocaine content in the human body are

Hair Testing: Hair testing is one of the effective ways of testing for the cocaine content in the human body over a long period of time. Whenever any substance enters the human body, it deposits a residue in the hair shaft, which will show its presence till the hair is cut.